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American Behavioral Scientist
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Media Exposure to September 11

Elementary School Students' Experiences and Posttraumatic Symptoms

Conway F. Saylor

The Citadel, saylorc{at}citadel.edu

Brian L. Cowart

The Citadel

Julie A. Lipovsky

The Citadel

Crystal Jackson

The Citadel

A. J. Finch, Jr.

The Citadel

This study examined symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in children indirectly exposed to September 11 via television, the Internet, and printed media. Approximately 1 month after the attacks, 179 students in Grades K-5 at four Southeastern elementary schools and their parents were surveyed about their experiences and reactions. The Pediatric Emotional Distress Scale (PEDS), the Parent Report of Post-Traumatic Symptoms (PROPS), and the Children's Report of Post-Traumatic Symptoms (CROPS) were used to assess for PTSD symptoms. More PTSD symptoms were reported in children who saw reports on the Internet (vs. television/printed media), saw images of death or injury, or feared that a loved one might have died in the attacks. There was no measurable benefit to seeing heroic or "positive" images. Older children and boys had greater media exposure and more trauma-specific PTSD symptoms. Implications for those striving to deliver appropriate amounts and types of information to children and families following disasters are discussed.

Key Words: media exposure to disaster • children and disaster • September 11

American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 46, No. 12, 1622-1642 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/0002764203254619
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