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The Push and Pull of Hip-Hop

A Social Movement Analysis

University of Colorado–Boulder

This article explores how hip-hop music—with its grim portrayals of urban reality and youth manifestos—can be both the mirror and engine of a social movement, based on two divergent theories, new social movement theory and political opportunity theory, as well as the work of W. E. B. Du Bois. Contrasting the work of two prominent artists, the author examines the portrayal of women in rap and finds that these artists attempt to "represent" and influence reality and that they comfortably carry the mantle of movement leaders.

Key Words: rap • hip-hop • social movements • Du Bois

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