|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 50, No. 12,
1631-1647 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0002764207302472
The Simulation of Crime ControlA Shift in Policing?
Willem de Lint
University of Windsor, Canada
Sirpa Virta
University of Tampere, Finland
John Edward Deukmedjian
University of Windsor, Canada
The authors argue that policing by consent is being displaced by policing by information control. This discomfiting adaptation in liberal democracies is possible in the shadow of asymmetrical, border-collapsing exceptionalism. It has also benefited from synoptic effects in which reference to the liberal democratic legacy substitutes for liberal democratic practices. Current technologies, as demonstrated in watch-listing, public relations operations, and fourth-generation training, exemplify ironic homage to a consent and democracy. These take for granted the loss of innocence: There is no "real" (democracy, order, control) but rather impressions, which require effective simulations. The article concludes with the contention that today it is control, not justice, that must be "seen to be done."
Key Words: security policing simulation control terrorism
References
- Anderson, C. (2005, November 28). Miami police take new tack against terror. Retrieved from http://www.breitbart.com/article.php?id=D8E5RPBO5&show_article=1
- Bachrach, M., & Baratz, P. (1962). Two faces of power. American Political Review, 56, 947-952.[CrossRef]
- Bajc, V. (2007). Surveillance in public rituals: Security metaritual and the 2005 U.S. presidential inauguration. American Behavioral Scientist, 50(12), 1631-1647.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Baudrillard, J. (1983). Simulations. New York: Semiotext(e) Foreign Agents Series.
- Baudrillard, J. (1998). Simulacra and simulations ( M. Poster, Ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
- Bauman, J. (2004). Wasted lives. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
- Berger, P., & Luckmann, T. (1966). The social construction of reality: A treatise in the sociology of knowledge. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
- Bogard, W. (1996). The simulation of surveillance: Hyper control in telematic societies. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
- Brogden, M., & Shearing, C. (1993). Policing for a New South Africa. London: Routledge.
- Cain, M. (1996). Policing there and here: Reflections on international comparison. International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 24, 399-425.[CrossRef]
- Dandeker, C. (1990). Surveillance, power and modernity: Bureaucracy and discipline from 1700 to the present day. New York: St. Martin's.
- Dean, M. (2002). Liberal government and authoritarianism. Economy and Society, 31(1), 37-61.[CrossRef][ISI]
- Deleuze, J., & Guattari, F. (1987). Mille plateux: A thousand plateaus. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- de Lint, W. (1999). Nineteenth century disciplinary reform and the prohibition against talking policemen. Policing and Society: An International Journal of Research and Policy, 9(1), 33-58.
- de Lint, W. (2000). Regulation and autonomy in the police beat. Social and Legal Studies: An International Journal, 9(1), 55-83.
- Diebel, L. (2006, June 5). Police put on a "good spectacle." Toronto Star, p. A03.
- Donzelot, J. (1991). The mobilization of society. In G. Burchell, C. Gordon, & P. Miller (Eds.), The Foucault effect (pp. 169-180). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Ericson, R., & Haggerty, K. (1997). Policing the risk society. Toronto, Canada: University of Toronto Press.
- Fielding, N., & Innes, M. (2006). Reassurance and the "new" community policing. Policing and Society, 16(2), 127-145.[CrossRef]
- Fitzpatrick, T. (2001). New agendas for social policy and criminology: Globalization, urbanization, and the emerging postsocial security state. Social Policy and Administration, 35(2), 212-229.[CrossRef]
- Foucault, M. (1979). Discipline and punish. New York: Vintage.
- Foucault, M. (1990). The history of sexuality (Vol. 1). New York: Vintage.
- Foucault, M. (1991). Governmentality. In G. Burchell, C. Gordon, & P. Miller (Eds.), The Foucault effect (pp. 87-104). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Fukayama, F. (1989). The end of history? National Interest, 16, 3-18.
- Garland, D. (1998). The limits of the sovereign state: Strategies of crime control in contemporary society. British Journal of Criminology, 36(4), 455-471.
- Garland, D. (2002). The culture of control: Crime and social order in contemporary society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Giddens, A. (1985). Nation-state and violence: A contemporary critique of historical materialism. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
- Giddens, A. (1990). The consequences of modernity. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
- Giddens, A. (1991). Modernity and self-identity: Self and society in the late modern age. Cambridge, UK: Polity.
- Gordon, C. (1991). Governmental rationality: An introduction. In G. Burchell, C. Gordon, & P. Miller (Eds.), The Foucault effect (pp. 1-52). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Hay, D. ( 1975). Property, authority, and the criminal law. In D. Hay, P. Linebaugh, & E. P. Thompson (Eds.), Albion's fatal tree: Crime and society in eighteenth-century England (pp. 17-63). New York: Pantheon.
- Holquist, P. (1997). "Information is the alpha and omega of our work": Bolshevik surveillance in its pan-European context. Journal of Modern History, 69(3), 415-450.[CrossRef][ISI]
- Ignatieff, M. (2003). The lesser evil: Political ethics in an age of terror. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Innes, M. (2003). Signal crimes: Media, murder investigations, and constructing collective memories. In P. Mason (Ed.), Criminal visions. Cullompton, UK: Willan.
- Inside the NYPD's anti-terror fight. (2006, March 19). 60 Minutes [Television broadcast]. New York: CBS. Retrieved from http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/03/17/60minutes/main1416824.shtml
- Johnston, L., & Shearing, C.D. (2003). Governing security: Explorations in policing and justice. London/ New York: Routledge.
- Kolbert, E. (2003, April 7). The surge [Electronic version]. The New Yorker. Retrieved from http://www.newyorker.com/archive/2003/04/07/030407ta_talk_kolbert
- Lapierre, J.-C. (2005). Speaking notes for Transport Minister Jean-C. Lapierre on airport rent. Retrieved from http://www.tc.gc.ca/mediaroom/speeches/2005/2005-05-09.htm
- Lukes, S. (1975). Power: A radical view. Atlantic Highlands, NJ: Humanities.
- Manning, P. (1977). Police work: The social organization of policing. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Martin, L. (Host). (2006, June 15). The Lynne Martin Show [Radio broadcast]. Windsor, Canada: CKLW.
- Mathiessen, T. (1997). The viewer society: Michel Foucault's "Panopticon" revisited. Theoretical Criminology, 1(2), 215-234.[Abstract]
- Miller, D. (2003). Eliminating truth: The development of war propaganda. Available from http://www.mediawatch.org
- O'Brien, S. (2006, May 28). My husband is on the government's terrorist watch list [Electronic version]. Baltimore Sun. Retrieved from http://fairuse.100webcustomers.com/fuj/baltsun6v.htm
- O'Malley, P. (1999). Volatile and contradictory punishments. Theoretical Criminology, 3(2), 175-196.[CrossRef]
- O'Neill, B. (2006, June 10). Zarqawi: A bogeyman made by the U.S. Retrieved from http://www.antiwar.com/orig/oneill.php?articleid=9119
- Packer, H. (1968). The limits of the criminal sanction. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.
- Pederson, V. (2003). In search of monsters to destroy? The liberal American security paradox and the Republican way out. International Relations, 17(2), 213-232.[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Ramsay, K. (1996). Making a scene: New facilities enhance scenario training. Pony Express, 21(10), 15-16.
- Reid urges rules of war "rethink." (2006, April 3). BBC News. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/1/hi/uk/4873856.stm
- Reiner, R. (1985). The politics of the police. Brighton, UK: Wheatsheaf.
- Reiner, R. (2000). The politics of the police (3rd ed.). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Rose, N. (2000). Government and control. In D. Garland & C. Sparks (Eds.), Criminology and social theory (pp. 183-208). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Scarman, Rt. Hon. the Lord. (1981). The Brixton Disorders 10-12 April 1981: Report of the inquiry by the Rt. Hon the Lord Scarman, O.B.E. Cmnd 8247. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office.
- Scheuerman, W. (1994). Between the norm and the exception: The Frankfurt school and the rule of law. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
- Scruton, R. (2003). The West and the rest: Globalisation and the terrorist threat. New York: Continuum.
- Sheptycki, J. (2002). In search of transnational policing: Towards a sociology of global policing. Aldershot, UK: Ashgate.
- Simon, J., & Feeley, M. (1995). True crime: The new penology and public discourse on crime. In T. Blomberg & S. Cohen (Eds.), Punishment and crime control (pp. 147-180). New York: Aldine de Gruyter.
- Skolnick, J. (1966). Justice without trial: Law enforcement in a democratic society. New York: Wiley.
- Smart, C. (1989). Feminism and the power of law. London: Routledge.
- Smith, P.W. (Host). (2006, June 5). Paul W. Smith Show [Radio broadcast]. Detroit, MI: WJR Radio.
- Thompson, C. (2006, June 15). Police brace for 500 Hell's Angels [Electronic version]. Windsor Star. Retrieved from http://www.canada.com/windsorstar/news/story.html?id=e1cb4082-8004-415e-96ba-13a0c5fe5937
- Weitzer, R. (1995). Policing under fire: Ethnic conflict and police-community relations in Northern Ireland. Albany: State University of New York Press.
- Wilsnack, R. (1980). Information control: A conceptual framework for sociological analysis. Urban Life, 8(4), 467-499.[ISI]

CiteULike Connotea Del.icio.us Digg Reddit Technorati What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:

|
 |

|
 |
 
V. Bajc
Introduction: Debating Surveillance in the Age of Security
American Behavioral Scientist,
August 1, 2007;
50(12):
1567 - 1591.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|

|
 |

|
 |
 
W. de Lint, S. Virta, and J. E. Deukmedjian
The Simulation of Crime Control: A Shift in Policing?
American Behavioral Scientist,
August 1, 2007;
50(12):
1631 - 1647.
[Abstract]
[PDF]
|
 |
|
|