|
Sign In to gain access to subscriptions and/or personal tools.
|
Walking the TalkMultiracial Discourses, Realities, and Pedagogy
Jeanne Gazel
Michigan State University
An effective social justice pedagogy will simultaneously (a) acknowledge that students of all backgrounds are barraged with the false notion that racism no longer exists and (b) confront the apathy and hopelessness students may develop in response to existing systems of racialization. Furthermore, it will expose and challenge the global racial hierarchy that continues to uphold an obsolete and destructive system of social organization, despite efforts to repackage it as color blindness. The social justice pedagogy described herein (called MRULE, or Multi-Racial Unity Learning Experience) interrogates this system, rejects spurious claims of egalitarianism, and stimulates new patterns of thinking and acting that move authentically toward justice. Application of this pedagogical approach is reviewed here in a university cocurricular program conducted from 1996 to the present.
Key Words: social justice pedagogy race relations race-class-gender intersectionality transformative education engaged learning community building
References
- Barnett, T., & Whiteside, A. (2002). AIDS in the 21st century: Disease and globalization. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
- Bean, F., Lee, J., Batalova, J., & Leach, M. (2005). Immigration and fading color lines in America. Retrieved May 10, 2005, from http://www.prb.org/Articles/2004/ImmigrationandFadingColorLinesinAmerica.aspx
- Beavers, L., & D'Amico, J. (2005). Children in immigrant families: U.S. and state-level findings from the 2000 census. Retrieved May 10, 2005, from http://www.prb.org/pdf05/ChildrenInImmigrant.pdf
- Bernbaum, E. (1946). The idea of a state university. In F. W. Lorch, W. P. Jones, & K. Huntress (Eds.), Of time and truth (pp.167-180). New York: Dryden.
- Bonilla-Silva, E. (2003). Racism without racists: Color-blind racism and the persistence of racial inequality in the United States. Lanham, MD: Roman and Littlefield.
- Carey, K. (2004). A matter of degrees: Improving graduation rates in four year colleges and universities. Washington, DC: Education Trust. Available from http://www.2.edtrust.org
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. ( 2006). Fact sheet: HIV/AIDS among African Americans. Atlanta, GA: Author. Available from http://www.cdc.gov
- Collins, P.H. (1991). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. New York: Routledge.
- Collins, P.H. (1998). Fighting words: Black women and the search for justice. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- Collins, P.H. (2000). Black feminist thought: Knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
- DeVault, M. (1995). Ethnicity and expertise. Gender & Society, 9(5), 612-631.[Abstract]
- Donati, P. (1995). Social change and sociological thought: Towards a relational theory. In V. DePrada & I. Olábarri (Eds.), Understanding social change in the nineties: Theoretical approaches and historiographical perspectives (pp. 51-87). Aldershot, UK: Variorum- Ashgate.
- Farmer, P. (1999). Infections and inequalities: The modern plagues. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Farmer, P. (2003). Pathologies of power: Health, human rights, and the new war on the poor. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Fleischman, J. (2004, June 24). Beyond "ABC": Helping women fight AIDS. The Washington Post, p. A23.
- Frankenberg, Ruth. (1993). White women, race matters: The social construction of Whiteness. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
- Freire, P. (1970). Pedagogy of the oppressed. New York: Seabury.
- Freire, P. (1994). Pedagogy of hope: Reliving pedagogy of the oppressed (R. R. Barr, Trans., with notes by A. M. A. Freire). New York: Continuum.
- Freire, P. (1997). Mentoring the mentor: A critical dialogue with Paulo Freire. New York: P. Lang.
- Galtung, J., & Inayatullah, S. (Eds.). (1997). Macrohistory and macrohistorians: Perspectives on individual, social, and civilizational change. Westport, CT: Praeger.
- Gazel, J., & Naidoo, P. (2004). Striking the rock with impunity: The consequences of gendered practices in 21st century Sub-Saharan Africa. Women and international development working paper series, Michigan State University, East Lansing.
- Gazel, J., & Thomas, R. (1996). [Racial climate survey]. Unpublished raw data.
- Greene, M. (1988). The dialectic of freedom. New York: Teachers College Press.
- Griffiths, M. (1998). Educational research for social justice: Getting o f the fence. Buckingham, UK: Open University Press.
- Gurin, P., Dey, E., Hurtado, S., & Gurin, G. (2002) Diversity in higher education: Theory and impact on educational outcomes. Harvard Educational Review, 72(3), 330-407.[Web of Science]
- Hall, B. (2000, February). Participatory action research. Lecture given at Michigan State University, East Lansing.
- Harding, V. (1994). Healing at the razor's edge: Reflections on a history of multicultural history. Journal of American History, 81(2), 577-578.
- Harvey, D. (1996). Justice, nature and the geography of di ference. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
- Hine, D., & Thompson, K. (1998). A shining thread of hope: The history of Black women in America. New York: Broadway.
- hooks, b. (1992). Black looks: Race and representation. Boston: South End.
- hooks, b. (1998). Feminism as a transformational politic. In P. S. Rothenberg (Ed.), Race, class, and gender in the United States: An integrated study (pp. 579-586). New York: St. Martin's.
- hooks, b. (2003). Teaching community: A pedagogy of hope. New York: Routledge.
- Kemmis, S., & Wilkinson, M. (1998). Participatory action research and the study of practice. In B. Atweh, S. Kemmis, & P. Weeks (Eds.), Action research in practice: Partnerships for social justice in education (pp. 21-36). New York/ London: Routledge.
- Lerner, G. (1997). Why history matters. New York: Oxford University Press.
- Lesetedi, G. (2005). Rethinking gender within the context of the global HIV/AIDS epidemic. Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's and Gender Studies, 2(1). Retrieved August 28, 2007, from http://web.cortland.edu/wagadu/Volume%202/articles/articles2.html
- Lewin, K. (1948). Resolving social conflicts: Selected papers on group dynamics (G. W. Lewin, Ed.). New York: Harper and Row.
- Lewis, S. (2005). Race against time. Toronto, ON: House of Anansi.
- Levine, A., & Cureton, J. (1998). When hope and fear collide: A portrait of today's college student. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Lewis Mumford Center. (2000). Sortable list of dissimilarity scores. Albany, NY: Author. Retrieved April 16, 2005, from http://mumford.albany.edu/census/WholePop/WPsort/sort_d1.html
- Michigan State University. (2007). MSU TA: A handbook for MSU teaching assistants, 2007—2008 (4th ed.). Retrieved August 30, 2007, from http://www.tap.msu.edu/handbook/2007-2008_handbook.pdf
- Michigan State University Board of Trustees. ( 1992). MSU IDEA II. Retrieved April 16, 2005, from
- http://www.msu.edu/access/idea2.html
- Montagu, A. (1997). Man's most dangerous myth: The fallacy of race (6th ed.). Lanham, MD: AltaMira.
- Murphy, B.K. (1998). Transforming ourselves, transforming the world: An open conspiracy for social change. London: Zed.
- Omi, M., & Winant, H. (1994). Racial formation in the United States: From the 1960s to the 1990s. New York: Routledge.
- Palmer, P.J. (1998). The courage to teach: Exploring the inner landscape of a teacher's life. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Peterson, V.S., & Runyan, A.S. (1999). Global gender issues. Boulder, CO: Westview.
- Pew Hispanic Center. (2005). Estimates of the size and characteristics of the undocumented population. Retrieved April 2, 2006, from http://pewhispanic.org/reports/report.php?ReportID=44
- Platt, T. (2002). Desegregating multi-culturalism: Problems in the theory and pedagogy of diversity education. Social Justice, 29(4), 41-47.
- Rossatto, C.A. (2005). Engaging Paulo Freire's pedagogy of possibility: From blind to transformative optimism. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield.
- Selener, D. (1997). Participatory action research and social change. Quito, Ecuador: Global Action Publications.
- Smith, S., Willms, D., & Johnson, N. (Eds.). (1997). Nurtured by knowledge: Learning to do participatory action-research. New York: Apex.
- Stringer, E. (1996). Action research: A handbook for practitioners. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
- Takaki, R. (1993). A di ferent mirror: A history of multicultural America. Boston: Little Brown.
- U.S. Census Bureau. (2007). Household income rises, poverty rate declines, number of uninsured up. Retrieved August 28, 2007, from http://www.census.gov/Press-Release/www./releases/archives/income_wealth/010583.html
- West, C. (2004). Democracy matters: Winning the fight against imperialism. New York: Penguin.
- West, C. (2005). Exiles from a city and from a nation. The Observer: Guardian Unlimited. Available from http://observer.guardian.co.uk
- Winant, H. (2001). The world is a ghetto: Race and democracy since World War II. New York: Basic Books.
- Young, I.M. (1990). Justice and the politics of di ference. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
- Zinn, H. (1994). You can't be neutral on a moving train: A personal history of our times. Boston: Beacon.
American Behavioral Scientist, Vol. 51, No. 4,
532-550 (2007)
DOI: 10.1177/0002764207307741

CiteULike Complore Connotea Del.icio.us Digg Reddit Technorati Twitter What's this?
|
|